There are many Types of fluoride treatments, we will take about topical method.
Topical fluoride application includes either sodium fluoride NaF or Acidulated phosphate fluoride APF.
Sodium fluoride comes in a solution, gel or foam forms of 2 % . It is also available in varnish of 5 % . Acidulated phosphate fluoride comes in a solution, gel or foam of 1.23%.
APF is the preferred topical application over NaF, however it is avoided when patient has cosmetic restorations as it may cause some pitting.
Fluoride application techniques:
1- paint-on-method: not for gel or foam forms to avoid fluoride ingestion.
2- tray technique for gel or foam forms; 2 ml for children & 5 ml for adults.
In both techniques, dry teeth before & after with 2*2 gauze.
No drinking or eating for 30 min after procedure.
3- fluoride varnish application: safe and durable. Most effective technique to use on children.
Optimal level of fluoride in drinking water is 0.7mg/ L .
Ingestion of extra fluoride is toxic.
Certainly lethal dose in adults is 5 to 10 grams of sodium fluoride taken at one time. It is between 0.5-1g in children depending on size and weight.
Signs of toxicity begin to appear after 30 min of ingestion.
Emergency treatment : induce vomiting by stimulating back of throat or by Ipecac syrup.
Giving calcium binding agent such as milk.
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